Chinese modernization is the modernization of a huge population, of common prosperity for all, of material and cultural-ethical advancement, of harmony between humanity and nature, and of peaceful development pursued under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

　　General Secretary Xi Jinping summed up the five features of Chinese modernization. These features are in line with the general laws that underlie modernization, and unique to the Chinese context, especially revealing the essential differences between Chinese modernization and Western modernization.

　　First, a huge population. This is the Chinese context and a salient feature of Chinese modernization. China is working to achieve modernization for more than 1.4 billion people, a number larger than the combined population of all developed countries in the world today. The world map of Modernization will be rewritten. Modernization will no longer be a privilege for a few countries, but a dream that can be realized by a growing number of countries.

　　Second, common prosperity for all. This is a defining feature of socialism and the unwavering goal of Chinese modernization. It is essential for Chinese modernization to endeavor to prevent polarization, take the initiative to narrow the gaps in development and income distribution between urban and rural areas and between regions, and gradually realize the goal of common prosperity for all.

　　Third, material and cultural-ethical advancement. Chinese modernization entails promoting all-around material abundance as well as people's well-rounded development, especially enriching the people's cultural lives. We apply the core socialist values, carry forward fine traditional Chinese culture, and pay particular attention to inspiring the people, in a bid to achieve both material abundance and cultural-ethical enrichment.

　　Fourth, harmony between humanity and nature. Chinese modernization features positive interplay between material advancement and ecological conservation. We pursue a model of sound development featuring improved production, higher living standards, and healthy ecosystems. We act on the idea that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. Chinese modernization is the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature. China is committed to sustainable development.

　　Fifth, peaceful development. The Chinese nation loves peace and has, since ancient times, held high such a philosophy that "harmony is the most valuable". While pursuing a Chinese path to modernization, the Chinese people live in harmony with the peoples of other countries. Dedicated to peace and development, we will firmly promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, and work with all countries in the world to bring peace to the globe, as well as protecting and enjoying it.

　　Chinese modernization represents a major achievement in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of our times, has charted the course for building a modern socialist country in all respects, and has offered a new option for developing countries to achieve modernization

　　Since the 18th CPC National Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping, through meticulous assessment and deep reflection on Chinese modernization, formed a new theory and used it to guide our practice of finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and contributed our vision and strength to human progress.

　　First, the theory reaches a new realm in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of our times. It is made clear that to realize socialist modernization and national rejuvenation is the overarching task of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the inspiring blueprint and goals of China's economic development guided by Xi Jinping’s Thought on Economy. Our Party has developed the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, especially the theory of the primary stage of socialism and the theory of socialist modernization, and deepened its understanding of the laws that underlie governance by a communist party, the development of socialism, and the evolution of human society. Chinese modernization marks a new realm and height in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of our times.

　　Second, the new journey to fully build a modern socialist China has begun. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has led the Chinese people to fulfill the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects on schedule, and to attain a complete victory in the fight against poverty. China's GDP has continuously scaled new heights, and the per capita GDP is close to the threshold for high-income economies, providing robust institutional conditions, strong material foundations, and a source of inspiration for our modernization drive. The Chinese nation has achieved the tremendous transformation from standing upright to becoming prosperous and growing in strength. Now, it is embarking on a new journey to build a modern socialist country in all respects.

　　Third, the theory has expanded the channels for developing countries to achieve modernization. With indisputable facts, Chinese modernization has proved that there is no best model or standard answer for modernization or one-size-fits-all modernization, but only a path to modernization in accord with national conditions and realities will be successful. The theory and practice of Chinese modernization have broken the dependence on the Western model of modernization, created a new path to modernization for humanity and a new form of human advancement, and offered a new option for countries and nations that want to accelerate development while preserving their independence.

　　To promote national rejuvenation through a Chinese path to modernization, we must uphold the overall leadership of the Party, rely on the concerted efforts of the Chinese people, concentrate on economic development as the central task, fully and faithfully apply the new development philosophy on all fronts, and work to both pursue development and safeguard security

　　On the new journey, we should follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, lay special emphasis on the understanding of the fundamental guarantee, the fundamental position, the central task, the guiding principles and considering worst-case scenarios, and push ahead with Chinese modernization. By doing so, we will provide a more solid political guarantee, more abundant material foundations, a more effective conceptual guidance and a safer domestic and international environment for national rejuvenation.

　　First, we must uphold the overall leadership of the Party. We must deeply understand the decisive significance of the establishment of both Comrade Xi Jinping's core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We should continue to strengthen our consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership; enhance our confidence in the path, theory, system and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and uphold Xi Jinping's core position on the CPC Central Committee and in the Party as a whole as well as the Central Committee's authority and its centralized, unified leadership. We must uphold the Party's overall leadership over socialist modernization, and ensure that national rejuvenation through a Chinese path to modernization is advancing in the right political direction.

　　Second, we must rely on the concerted efforts of the Chinese people. We must stand firmly with the people, rely closely on them, strengthen the people's self-confidence and self-reliance, maintain a long-term stable social environment, continue to strive in unity for a better life, and fully galvanize powerful strength of the people for Chinese modernization.

　　Third, we must concentrate on economic development as the central task. We must persist in taking economic development as the central task as required by the Party's basic line in the primary stage of socialism, steadily upgrade and appropriately expand China's economic output, on the basis of continuous bumper growth over the past decades, further release and develop the productive forces, and create more solid material foundations for Chinese modernization.

　　Fourth, we must fully and faithfully apply the new development philosophy on all fronts. We must put into practice the new development philosophy in full, in the right way, and in all fields of endeavor, and pursue Chinese modernization in which innovation is the primary driver, coordination is an endogenous trait, eco-friendly growth prevails, openness to the world is the only way, and shared growth is the ultimate goal.

　　Fifth, we must work to both pursue development and safeguard security. We must be more mindful of potential dangers, be prepared to deal with worst-case scenarios, effectively prevent and defuse various risks and challenges, accelerate the creation of a new development pattern, strive to achieve a dynamic balance between high-quality development and high-level security, and thus ensure the smooth progress of socialist modernization. 

　　By Xi Jinping Thought on Economy Study Center