Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
Sub-Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods
Forty-first session
Geneva, 25 June – 4 July 2012
Item 3 (a) of the provisional agenda
Listing, classification and packing:
proposals of amendments to the list of dangerous goods of Chapter 3.2
Asbestos
Transmitted by the International Dangerous Goods and Containers Association (IDGCA)
Introduction
1. Currently in the Model Regulations asbestos are classified under two entries depending on their colour, and are assigned to one group in 2.9.2 “Substances which, on inhalation as fine dust, may endanger health”;
• UN №2590 – WHITE ASBESTOS (chrysotile, actinolite, anthophyllite, tremolite);
• UN №2212 – BLUE ASBESTOS (crocidolite) or BROWN ASBESTOS (amosite, mysorite).
2. However, in a number of national scientific and technical handbooks asbestos are divided into two groups: CHRYSOTILE and AMPHIBOLE (see annex).
3. In international documents, developed by international organizations (WHO ILO) and in the Rotterdam Convention, asbestos are also divided into chrysotile and amphiboles; in the above-mentioned documents a differentiated approach to regulation is applied.
4. As a result of the above-mentioned discrepancy, amphiboles (actinolite, anthophyllite, tremolite) may be transported under No. 2590 (WHITE ASBESTOS) without any obstacles and appropriate precaution measures, although more stringent safety measures should apply during transport and storage.
Justification
5. Asbestos is the generic commercial name of groups of minerals (U.S. Geological Survey etc.). Mentioned in column 2 of the list of dangerous goods, the name ASBESTOS is a generic shipping name. According to 3.1.2.8.1 of the Model Regulations "Generic and “not otherwise specified” proper shipping names shall be supplemented with the technical or chemical group names…” and, according to 3.1.2.8.1.1. “The technical name shall be a recognized chemical or biological name used in scientific and technical handbooks…”.
A review of the scientific technical handbooks in different countries (see annex) shows that chemical group names for asbestos are AMPHIBOLES and CHRYSOTILE.
The amphibole group include five different minerals, so in shipping documents and on the package the proper shipping name should be supplemented with the technical name. This requirement is mentioned in special provision 274, therefore it should be added in Column 6 for UN 2212.
The chrysotile group include only one mineral - chrysotile, therefore it is reasonable in Column 2 for UN 2590 to specify CHRYSOTILE or CHRYSOTILE FIBRE and not to add special provision 274 in Column 6.
6. Both types of asbestos are included into the group “Substances which, on inhalation as fine dust, may endanger health", and in Column 3, Class 9 is specified for the two entries.
7. Amphibole asbestos and chrysotile differ by their structure and properties. Chrysotile is a sheet silicate (ROCK-FORMING MINERALS, Vol.3 Sheet Silicates, W.A.Deer (Cambridge University), R.A.Howie, J Zussman (Vanchester University), LONGMANS, London, 1962) and amphiboles are chain minerals (ROCK-FORMING MINERALS, Vol.2 Chain Silicates, W.A.Deer (Cambridge University), R.A.Howie, J Zussman(Vanchester University), LONGMANS, London, 1962). In that time the issue of classification of asbestos was purely scientific without any other concerns. The fact that chrysotile and amphiboles are mentioned in different volumes of one handbook supports chemical and morphological differences of these substances. Later, a number of medical studies confirmed different levels of health hazards from these minerals. Whereas the hazard from amphiboles is unquestionable, chrysotile is considered as a substance with low level of hazard. This approach is reflected in resolutions of WHO, ILO, Rotterdam Convention. Based on the above, Packing Group II should continue to be assigned to UN 2212, and Packing Group III to UN 2590.
8. Columns 7a and 7b “Limited and excepted quantities” should remain unchanged.
9. Columns 8 and 9 “Packagings and IBCs” should remain unchanged.
10. Columns 10 and 11 “Portable Tanks and bulk containers” should remain unchanged.
Proposal
11. To apply UN №2212 for amphiboles, and UN №2590 for chrysotile.
12. In Chapter 3.2 to revise the dangerous goods list as follows:
|
UN |
Name and |
Class |
Subsidary |
UN |
Special |
Limited and |
Packagings and IBCs |
Portable Tanks and |
| ||||||||
|
Packing |
Special |
Instrutions |
Special |
| |||||||||||||
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
(7a) |
(7b) |
(8) |
(9) |
(10) |
(11) |
| |||||
|
2212 |
AMPHIBOLE ASBESTOS (amosite, tremolite, actinnolite, anthophyllite, crocidolite). |
9 |
|
II |
168 274 |
1 kg |
E2 |
P002 IBC08 |
PP37 B3, B4 |
T3 |
TP33 |
| |||||
|
|
2590 |
CHRYSOTILE or CHRYSOTILE FIBRE |
9 |
|
III |
168 |
5 kg |
E1 |
P002 IBC08 |
PP37 B3, B4 |
T1 |
TP33 | |||||
13. In Chapter 2.9., amend the relevant paragraph of 2.9.2. to read:
Substances which, on inhalation as fine dust, may endanger health
2212 AMPHIBOLE ASBESTOS (amosite, tremolite, actinnolite, anthophyllite, crocidolite)
2590 CHRYSOTILE or CHRYSOTILE FIBRE
14. IDGCA invites the Sub-Committee to consider this proposal and to adopt a relevant decision.
Annex
• USA and Canada
|
N |
Definition of the term “asbestos” |
Resource |
|
1 |
Asbestos is a generic name given to the fibrous variety of six naturally occurring minerals that have been used in commercial products. Asbestos is made up of fiber bundles. These bundles, in turn, are composed of extremely long and thin fibers that can be easily separated from one another. The bundles have splaying ends and are extremely flexible. The term “asbestos” is not a mineralogical definition. It is a commercial designation for mineral products that possess high tensile strength, flexibility, resistance to chemical and thermal degradation, and high electrical resistance and that can be woven. The minerals that can crystallize as asbestos belong to two groups: serpentine (chrysotile) and amphibole (crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite asbestos, tremolite asbestos, and actinnolite asbestos). Amphiboles are distinguished from one another by the amount of sodium, calcium, magnesium, and iron that they contain.
|
U.S. Geological Survey FS-012-01
|
• Russia
|
N |
Definition of the term “asbestos” |
Resource |
|
1. |
Asbestos [άσβεστος (ΰсбестос) — everburning, indestructible] — fibre mineral splintery into thin firm fibres. This property is specific for two groups of minerals, serpentine and amphiboles, know as chrysotile asbestos and amphibole asbestos. Amphiboles include such minerals as crocidolite, rodusit, rezhikite (magnoarfvedsonite), anthophyllite-, amosite-, cummingtonite-, tremolite-, actinolite.
|
Geological dictionary: — Moscow, Nedra. Edited by K.N. Paffengoltz et al., 1978.
|
|
2. |
Asbestos Asbestos minerals (from Greek “everburning, indestructible”, asbestos, asbestus, earth flax, mountain flax; german Asbest; fr. asbeste, aminate; Spanish. asbesto), - the group of fibre minerals splintery into thin firm fibres. By its chemical properties asbestos minerals are qualified as hydrous silicate of magnesium, ferrum, partly calcium and natrium. By mineralogical properties and crystalline structure they divided into two groups – chrysotile asbestos and amphibole asbestos. |
Mining encyclopedia. — Moscow: Soviet encyclopedia. Edited by E. A. Kozlovsky. 1984—1991.
|
• EU
|
N |
Definition of the term “asbestos” |
Resource |
|
1 |
Asbestos, any of several minerals that readily separate into long, flexible fibres. Chrysotile, the fibrous form of the mineral serpentine, is the best-known type and accounts for about 95 percent of all asbestos in commercial use. It is a hydrous magnesium silicate with the chemical composition of Mg3Si2O5(OH)4. The other types all belong to the amphibole group of minerals and include the fibrous forms of anthophyllite, amosite (grunerite), crocidolite (riebeckite), tremolite, and actinolite. |
Encyclopedia Brotannica EBchecked/topic/37756/asbestos/
|
• India
|
N |
Definition of the term “asbestos” |
Resource |
|
1 |
The term asbestos refers to a family of naturally occurring flexible fibrous, hydrous silicate mineral that are relatively indestructible, heat resistant, acid and alkali resistant and have high length to breadth ratio. They result due to leaching of silicous material by water and crystallization in the interstices of parent rock. They are crystalline in form and capable of getting longitudinally into single fibril or fiber bundles. Asbestos is a collective term for some of the metamorphic fibrous, mineral silicate of the serpentine and amphibole groups. They have different physical and chemical properties. Asbestos a mineral fibre, exists in mainly two forms i.e. Serpentine group (chrysotile) and amphibole group (crocidolite, amosite, actinolite, tremolite and anthophyllite).Asbestos has several properties i.e. it is resistant to heat, acids and chemicals. Due to its easy maneuverability it is being used in many countries.
|
"Report on the National Study on Health Status of Workers in the Asbestos Industry " - study report of Director General of Factory Advice Service & Labour Institutes, under Ministry of Labour, Central Government of India -This is called DGFASLI Report of 2004. |
• Brazil
|
N |
Definition of the term “asbestos” |
Resource |
|
1 |
Amianto (Latin) or asbestos (Greek) are generic names of a family of mineral found and distributed on the nature , widely used by the industrial sector on the last century. The rocks of asbestos are divided on two groups: the serpentines and the amphiboles. The serpentines has the mainly variety the chrysotile or “white asbestos”, which present curve and malleable fibers. The amphiboles, which represent less than 5% of all asbestos exploited and consumed in the world, are banned on the major part of the planet. |
National Institute of Cancer (INCA – Instituto Nacional de Câncer) Praca Cruz Vermelha, 23 - Centro 20230-130 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ
|
• Australia
|
N |
Definition of the term “asbestos” |
Resource |
|
1 |
Asbestos is a generic name for naturally occurring mineral silicate fibres of the Serpentine and Amphibole series. In the Serpentine series is Chrysotile, commonly known as white asbestos. In the Amphibole series are Actinolite, Amosite or Mysorite (commonly known as brown asbestos), Anthophyllite, Crocidolite (commonly known as blue asbestos) and Tremolite. |
Expert from Australia ST/SG/AC.10/C.3/2011/44
|
• International Agency on Research Cancer (IARC)
|
N |
Definition of the term “asbestos” |
Resource |
|
1 |
Asbestos is the generic commercial designation for a group of naturally occurring mineral silicate fibres of the serpentine and amphibole series. These include the serpentine mineral chrysotile (also known as ‘white asbestos’), and the five amphibole minerals – actinolite, amosite (also known as ‘brown asbestos’), anthophyllite, crocidolite (also known as ‘blue asbestos’), and tremolite. |
IARC Monograph, 1973.
|
联合国危险货物运输专家和全球化学品统一分类和标签制度专家委员会
危险货物运输专家分委员会
第四十一次会议
日内瓦, 2012年6月25日-7月4日
议程第3(a)项
列表、分类和包装：对修订3.2章危险货物列表的提案
石棉
由国际危险品和集装箱协会(IDGCA)提交
介绍
1. 目前石棉在规章范本中根据颜色被划分在2个条目，被划分在2.9.2中的一个组别-“以微细粉尘吸入可危害健康的物质”。
UN2590-白石棉（温石棉，阳起石，直闪石，透闪石）
UN2212-蓝石棉（青石棉）或棕石棉（铁石棉，迈索赖特石棉（mysorite））
2. 然而，在许多国家科学和技术手册中石棉被分为2个类别：温石棉和闪石（见附录）。
3. 国际性组织（WHO，ILO）提供的国际性的文件和《鹿特丹公约》中，石棉也被分为温石棉和闪石类；上述文件中提到的分类和规章范本中使用的不同。
4. 由于上述差别，尽管运输和储存环节应该运用更安全的措施，但按UN2590“白石棉”运输闪石类（阳起石，直闪石，透闪石）时缺少适当的保护措施，运输仍然没有障碍。
理由
5. 石棉是矿物种类的通用商品名（见美国地理调查等）。在危险货物列表第2栏提到的“石棉”是一个通用的运输名。根据规章范本3.1.2.8.1规定“类属或“未另作规定的”正式运输名称必须附加技术名称或化学族名称…”，根据3.1.2.8.1.1规定“技术名称必须是科学技术手册、杂志和教科书中目前使用的公认的化学或生物学名称…”。
不同国家的科学技术手册的回顾（见附录）显示了石棉的化学族名称是闪石类和温石棉。
闪石类包括5种不同的矿石，因此在运输文件中以及包装上的正式运输名称必须附加技术名称。在特殊规定274提到了这个要求，因此应该加在UN2212的第6栏中。
温石棉类只包括一种矿石-温石棉，因此UN2590第2栏描述为温石棉或温石棉纤维，而在第6栏中没有附加特殊规定274，这些都是合理的。
6. 石棉的两种类型都包括在组别“以微细粉尘吸入可危害健康的物质”内，即这两个条目的第3 栏都是第9类。
7. 闪石石棉和温石棉的结构和特性不同。温石棉是一种层状硅酸盐（成岩矿物，卷3，层状硅酸盐，W.A.Deer（剑桥大学），R.A.Howie, J Zussman（Vanchester大学），朗文，伦敦，1962），闪石是一种链状矿石（成岩矿物，卷2，层状硅酸盐，W.A.Deer（剑桥大学），R.A.Howie, J Zussman（Vanchester大学），朗文，伦敦，1962）。当时石棉分类的问题是纯科学角度的不涉及其他方面。 事实上在同一手册的不同部分提到了温石棉和闪石在化学和形态学上的不同之处。后来，许多医学研究确认了这些矿石不同程度地对健康有危害。但是闪石的危害是没有疑问的，温石棉被认为是一种轻度危害的物质。这些在WHO，ILO和《鹿特丹公约》的决议中都有所反映。根据上述内容，UN2212应继续划分为包装类别II，UN2590应划分为包装类别III。
8. 第7a和7b栏的“有限和例外数量”应保持不变。
9. 第8和9栏的“包装和中性散货箱”应保持不变。
10. 第10 和11栏的“便携式罐体和散装货箱”应保持不变。
提议
11. 将UN2212用于闪石，UN2590用于温石棉。
将3.2章中的危险货物列表修改如下：
|
UN 号 |
名称和说明 |
类别或项别 |
次要危险性 |
UN包装类别 |
特殊规定 |
有限和例外数量 |
包装和中型散货箱 |
便携式罐体和散装货箱 |
| ||||||||
|
包装说明 |
特殊包装规定 |
说明 |
特殊规定 |
| |||||||||||||
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
(7a) |
(7b) |
(8) |
(9) |
(10) |
(11) |
| |||||
|
2212 |
闪石石棉（铁石棉，透闪石，阳起石，直闪石，青石棉） |
9 |
|
II |
168 274 |
1 kg |
E2 |
P002 IBC08 |
PP37 B3, B4 |
T3 |
TP33 |
| |||||
|
|
2590 |
温石棉或温石棉纤维 |
9 |
|
III |
168 |
5 kg |
E1 |
P002 IBC08 |
PP37 B3, B4 |
T1 |
TP33 | |||||
13. 在2.9章，将2.9.2段修订如下：
以微细粉尘吸入可危害健康的物质
UN2212-闪石石棉（铁石棉，透闪石，阳起石，直闪石，青石棉）
UN2590-温石棉或温石棉纤维
14. IDGCA希望分委员会考虑这个提议并做出相关的决定。
附件
美国和加拿大
|
N |
“石棉”的定义 |
来源 |
|
1 |
石棉是通用名，自然界中有6中不同纤维的矿石，现作为商业产品使用。石棉由纤维束组成。而纤维束又由很长很细的能相互分离的纤维组成。纤维束具有张开的两端（splaying end）并十分柔软。 术语“石棉”不是矿物学定义。它是一个为商业性术语，指具有高抗张强度、高弹性、耐化学和热侵蚀、高电绝缘性和具有可纺性的矿物产品。 结晶成石棉的矿石可以分为2个类别：蛇纹石（温石棉）和闪石（青石棉，铁石棉，直闪石石棉，透闪石石棉，阳起石石棉）。闪石类根据所含钠，钙，镁和铁的含量进行区分。 |
美国地理调查 FS-012-01
|
|
N |
“石棉”的定义 |
来源 |
|
3. |
石棉 [άσβεστος (ΰсбестос) — 不燃烧的，坚韧的] —纤维矿石分裂成薄片纤维。蛇纹石和闪石，又被称为温石棉和闪石石棉的两组矿石的性质是特定的。闪石包括了不同的矿石，例如青石棉、rodusit, rezhikite (magnoarfvedsonite)、直闪石、铁石棉、镁铁闪石、透闪石和阳起石。
|
莫斯科，Nedra篇，地理辞典-由K.N. Paffengoltz 等编辑，1978年， |
|
4. |
石棉 石棉矿石（来源于希腊语“不燃烧的，坚韧的”，别名asbestos, asbestus，土地石棉（earth flax），山地石棉（mountain flax）；德语Asbest; 法语 asbeste, aminate; 西班牙语 asbesto）-纤维矿石类分裂成薄片纤维。根据其化学性质，石棉矿石为含有镁，铁，部分钙和钠的水合硅酸盐。根据其矿物学特性和晶体结构，他们被分为温石棉和闪石石棉两组。 |
莫斯科：苏联百科全书篇，矿石百科全书，由E. A. Kozlovsky编辑，1984-1991年 |
|
N |
“石棉”的定义 |
来源 |
|
1 |
石棉，任意的几种矿石能分离出长而且柔软的纤维。以蛇纹矿石的纤维形式出现的温石棉是最出名的类型，占商用石棉总量的95%。它是一种水合硅酸镁盐，化学式为Mg3Si2O5(OH)4。另一种类型属于闪石矿石，包含了直闪石、铁石棉(闪石)，青石棉(钠闪石)，透闪石和阳起石的纤维形式。 |
Brotannica 百科全书 EBchecked/topic/37756/asbestos/
|
印度
|
N |
“石棉”的定义 |
来源 |
|
1 |
石棉指的是一族自然存在的柔软纤维，相当坚韧，耐热，耐酸碱，高长宽比的水合硅酸盐矿石。由于水对硅质矿石的淋溶，使得在母岩的空隙中结晶而成。它们是结晶形式的，能纵向变成单纤维或纤维束。石棉是对一些蛇纹石和闪石类物质的硅酸盐以及变性的纤维的总称。它们有不同的理化性质。石棉是一种矿物纤维，主要存以两种形式存在：蛇纹石（温石棉）和闪石类（青石棉，铁石棉，阳起石，透闪石和直闪石）。石棉有几个特性比如耐热，耐酸碱。由于其易操作性，在许多国家使用。 |
印度中央政府的劳动部下，工厂咨询和劳动研究所总部的报告-“全国石棉工业的工人健康状况的研究”-这后来被称为2004年DGFASLI 报告。 |
|
N |
“石棉”术语的定义 |
来源 |
|
1 |
石棉Amianto (拉丁语) 或asbestos (希腊语)是上个世纪广泛应用于工业界，自然存在分布的一族矿石的通用名称。石棉矿石被分为两类：蛇纹石和闪石。蛇纹石主要类别是温石棉或白石棉。，主要表现为弯曲和有延展性的纤维。闪石只占有世界上使用和消耗的所有石棉的不到5%， 在地球的主要地方已经被禁止了。 |
国家癌症研究院，INCA，Praca Cruz Vermelha, 23 - Centro 20230-130 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ
|
|
N |
“石棉”的定义 |
来源 |
|
1 |
石棉是自然存在的蛇纹石和闪石类硅酸盐纤维矿石的通用名称。蛇纹石类是温石棉，通常称为白石棉。闪石类是阳起石，铁石棉或迈索赖特石棉（mysorite）（通常称为棕石棉），直闪石，青石棉（通常称为蓝石棉）和透闪石。 |
澳大利亚专家提交的文件ST/SG/AC.10/C.3/2011/44
|
|
N |
“石棉”的定义 |
来源 |
|
1 |
石棉是天然的纤维状的蛇纹石和闪石系列的硅酸盐类矿物质的商业总称。包括蛇纹石温石棉（又称白石棉）和5种闪石：阳起石，铁石棉（又称棕石棉），直闪石，青石棉（又称蓝石棉）和透闪石。
|
1973年的国际癌症研究机构专著 |
t