Sub-Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods

Forty-first session

Geneva, 25 June – 4 July 2012

Item 9 of the provisional agenda

Guiding principles for the Model Regulations

Amendments to the Guiding Principles – Packagings

Transmitted by the Expert from the United Kingdom

Introduction

1. The expert from the United Kingdombelieves that the Guiding Principles is a living document and produced ST/SG/AC.10/C.3/2011/6 for the 39th session of the Sub‑Committee and informal document INF.14 at the 40th session to update the provisions concerning Part 4 (Section 4.1). Following discussions at the 40th session the expert from the United Kingdomagreed to make a number of minor amendments to the proposal and the following proposal takes account of those discussions.

2. Also during the last session of the Sub-Committee the comment was made that some guiding principles should be developed to address the use of packagings design type tested for liquids being used to transport solids. However, the expert from the United Kingdombelieves that this is a fundamental issue requiring text to be adopted in section 4.1.1 from which text on guiding principles can be addressed thereafter. It is not in the scope of this paper to propose such text for section 4.1.1.

Proposal

3.  It is proposed to adopt the following text into the Guiding Principles:

                         "Part 4

                         Packing and tank provisions

                         4.1     Basic principles for developing packing instructions for the Model Regulations

                         General provisions

1. Packing Instructions should be clear and provide as wide a choice of packagings as possible.

2. The Packing Instructions consist of a small number of general instructions supplemented by a limited number of more specific instructions for particularly hazardous or specialized dangerous goods.

3. Packing Instructions should be developed with the objective of being suitable for multimodal transport. More severe packaging restrictions, in some instances, may be necessary for air transport.

4. A rationalized approach (based on similar properties or hazards presented) should be used for allocating packing instructions to specific substances.

5.  The Packing Instructions are primarily intended for the person preparing the package for consignment. They should not address classification or operational provisions.

The Packing Instruction Structure

6.  There are Packing Instructions for:

•    Packagings, prefixed by “P”.  Included are:

˗  Packagings in accordance with Chapter 6.1 (up to 450 l and/or 400 kg net, as    appropriate).

˗  Pressure receptacles in accordance with Chapter 6.2.

˗  Packagings for Division 6.2 substances in accordance with Chapter 6.3.

˗  Packagings or packing methods not subject to the provisions of Chapters 6.1,          6.2, 6.3, 6.5 or 6.6.

•    IBCs, prefixed by "IBC", up to 3 m3 (intermediate bulk containers in accordance with Chapter 6.5);

•    Large packagings, prefixed by "LP", exceeding 400 kg net or 450 L (large packagings in accordance with Chapter 6.6).

7.  The majority of substances and articles, excluding Classes 1, 2 and 7, have been allocated to a packing instruction beginning "P00*". When considering new Packing Instructions the use of one of these numbers should be considered first; class specific packing instructions should only be used when there is need for restricted packaging options or extensive special conditions. The exception to this rule is P004 to which fuel cell cartridges containing dangerous goods of different Classes are assigned.

8.  Where the "P00*" instructions cannot be used then there are series of class specific packing instructions all beginning with the class number. In some cases it will be necessary to indicate in the Packing Instruction that in addition to the permitted design types packages and any quantity thresholds that are specified, there are some ‘Additional Requirements’ that apply for all substances or articles assigned to that Packing Instruction. An example is the requirement to protect cells and batteries against short circuit as may be found in Packing Instruction P801 or P903.  Some Packing Instructions may need to include provisions which are relevant only for a small number of substances or articles among many others that are assigned to a particular Packing Instruction. These are referred to as Special Packing Provisions and because these are indicated in Column 9 of the Dangerous Goods List they are individually numbered as PPxx. An example is PP28 which is specific to Perchloric Acid in Packing Instruction P502. Some, such as PP26 which requires packagings to be lead free, will appear in more than one Packing Instruction with the same number since the requirement is the same but the UN numbers to which it applies are different.

9.  Where a solid or liquid substance can only be transported in a cylinder then allocation to Table 3 of P200 shall be considered.

Packagings "P"

Some general principles of assignment of substances to Packing Instructions and examples of exceptions are given below:

Class 1      P100s

10. Given the intrinsic properties of explosive substances and articles and the variable effects that they display depending on the manner in which they are packaged, the classification process addresses issues of possible over-confinement, for example in metal packagings. Such packagings are often chosen for their robustness in handling rather than their appropriateness in transport.

11. However, given the desirability of uniformity in assessing packaging in relation to the classification process (as set out in the Manual of Tests and Criteria) it has been decided that packagings used to transport explosive substances and articles should meet the Packing Group II test performance level.

12.  Similar principles apply to the assignment of packaging for organic peroxides and self-reactive substances.

Class 2      P200s

13.  For gases, except some small articles containing gas such as UN2037 or UN3150 which are allocated to P003.

Class 3      P300s

14.  Flammable liquids with explosive properties are assigned to P300 (UN 3064). Substances that form part of chemical kits are assigned to P302.

Class 4      P400s

15.  Many substances of this class have been allocated to special P400 Packing Instructions.

16.  Self reactive substances in Division 4.1 are packaged in the same way as organic peroxides and are allocated to P520. This Packing Instruction contains packing method codes OP1 to OP8 which refer to the packing methods for the various types of organic peroxides/self reactive substances.

Class 5       P500s

17.  Chemical oxygen generators only are assigned to P500 and stabilized hydrogen peroxide only is assigned to P501.

18.  Substances of Division 5.2  are assigned to P520. This Packing Instruction contains packing method codes OP1 to OP8 which refer to the packing methods for the various types of organic peroxides/self reactive substances.

Division 6.1     P600s

19.  Toxic ammunition and tear gas candles are assigned to P600.

Division 6.2      P600s       

20. Infectious substances are assigned to P620, P621 or P650.

Class 7        

21.  No packing instructions have yet been allocated to radioactive materials as the packaging requirements have been set by IAEA and do not align easily to the system for the other classes. Instead radioactive material is assigned to special UN numbers which depend on a number of characteristics including packaging such as the activity level of radionuclides in the package, or the fissile or non fissile properties.

Class 8

22.  There are a number of specific Packing Instructions for Class 8 substances and articles.

Class 9

23.  Substances and articles of this Class each have a hazard not covered by other Classes. When any substance or article is assigned to this Class its unique properties will need to be considered in developing or assigning a Packing Instruction.

The following should form the template for any new Packing Instruction (PXXX) for Classes/Divisions 3, 4, 5.1, 6, 8 or 9.

联合国危险货物运输专家和全球化学品统一分类和标签制度专家委员会

危险货物运输专家分委员会

第四十一次会议

日内瓦, 2012年6月25日-7月4日

议程第9项

规章范本的指导原则

指导原则的修订-包装

由英国专家提交  

介绍

1. 英国专家认为指导原则是一份现行的文件，并在第39次分委员会会议上提交了ST/SG/AC.10/C.3/2011/6文件以及在第40次分委员会会议上提交了非正式文件INF.14，以更新第4部分（4.1节）的有关规定。经过第40次会议的讨论，英国专家同意对其提案作若干轻微的修订，并结合讨论提出以下建议。

2.  上届分委员会会议期间，也有人提议应制定一些指导原则以解决按液体用测试的包装设计类型被用于运送固体物质的问题。然而，英国专家认为这是一个根本性的问题，应在4.1.1节进行说明，之后再在指导原则中进行说明。而对4.1.1节的文本建议不是本文的范围。

提议

3.  提议将以下文本纳入指导原则：

                        "第4部分

                         包装和罐体规定

                         4.1     建立规章范本中包装说明的基本原则

                         一般规定

1. 包装说明必须清晰，尽可能地提供宽泛的包装选择。

2. 包装说明包含了少量一般说明，以及对限量的一些有特别危险或有专门危险的货物的特殊说明作为补充。

3. 包装说明应该以适用多种运输方式为目的。空运的某些情况下，更严格的包装限制可能是必要的。

4. 应用合理的方法（基于相似的属性或所呈现的危害）来对特定物质分配包装说明。

5. 包装说明主要适用于需要准备托运包装的人。他们不需要关心分类或操作的规定。

包装说明的结构

6. 有适用以下情况的包装说明：

•    包装，前缀为“P”，包括：

˗ 符合6.1章（最大450升和/或400公斤净重，根据具体情况）的包装。

˗ 符合6.2章的压力容器。

˗ 符合6.3章的6.2项物质的包装。

˗ 不受6.1章，6.2章，6.3章，6.5章或6.6章规定限制的包装或包装方法。

•    中型散货容器，前缀为"IBC"，上限为3立方米（符合6.5章的中型散货容器）；

•    大型包装，前缀为"LP"，超过400公斤净重或450升（符合6.6章的大型包装）。

7.  除1类、2类和7类外的大多数物质和物品已经分配了"P00*"开头的包装说明，当考虑到新的包装说明时首先要考虑使用这些号码中的一个。特殊包装说明的分类应仅仅用于需要选择严格的包装情况或有大量特殊条件的情况下。P004是该规则的例外，分配给含有不同类别危险货物的燃料电池盒。

8.  当 "P00" 说明不能使用时，有一系列由分类号开头的特殊包装说明。在某些情况下，有必要在包装说明中指出，除了允许的设计类型包装件和任何指定的数量阈值外，还有一些“附加要求”，适用于所有分配到该包装说明的物质或物品。例如，电池芯和电池防短路保护的要求可能在包装说明P801或P903中找到。一些包装说明可能需要包含只与少数物质或物品相关的条款，其中许多其他的被分配到一个特定的包装说明中。这些被称为特殊包装说明，因为这些都在危险货物列表第9栏中表示，它们以PPxx单独编号。例如，PP28是包装说明P502中高氯酸的特殊规定。某些如PP26要求包装无铅，会以相同编号出现在一个以上的包装说明中，因为要求是一样的，但它适用的UN编号是不同的。

9.  当固态或液态物质只能用气瓶运输时，应考虑分配为P200中的表3。

包装"P"

一些对物质分配包装说明的基本原则和特例如下：

第1类   P100s

10.  根据爆炸物质和物品的固有性质和取决于其包装方式的多变的因素，分类过程解决了可能的过度限制问题，比如用金属包装。选择此类包装通常是因为它们在操作过程中的坚固性，而不是运输过程中的适合性。

11.  然而，考虑到与分类过程相关的（如试验和标准手册所示）包装评估要一致化的希望，决定了用于运输爆炸物质和物品的包装应该符合II类包装性能测试等级。

12.  相似原则适用于有机过氧化物和自反应物质的包装分配。

第2类     P200s

13.  对于气体，除某些含有气体的小件物品如UN1950或2037被分配到了P003。

第3类    P300s

14.  有爆炸性质的易燃液体被分配到P300（UN3064）。组成部分化学试剂盒的物质被分配到P302。

第4类     P400s

15.  该类的许多物质被分配到专用的P400包装说明。

16.  4.1项自反应物质和有机过氧化物采用同样的包装方式，被分配到P520中。该包装说明包含了OP1至OP8包装方法代码，即各类有机过氧化物/自反应物质的包装方法。

第5类    P500s

17.  化学氧气发生器仅被分配到P500且稳定的过氧化氢仅被分配到P501。

18.  5.2项物质被分配到P520中。该包装说明包含OP1至OP8包装方法代码，即各类有机过氧化物/自反应物质的包装方法。

6.1项  P600s

19.  有毒弹药和催泪瓦斯蜡烛被分配到P600。

6.2项  P600s       

20.  感染性物质被分配到P620，P621或P650。

第7类        

21.  因为放射性物质的包装要求是由IAEA设立，而且也不能简单地像其他类别一样分配，所以还没有包装说明被分配给放射性物质。相对而言，对放射性物质指定特殊的UN编号时，是要根据包括包装的许多特性如包装件内的放射性核素活度或者是否裂变等。

第8类

22.  有许多8类物质和物品的具体包装说明。

第9类

23.  该类物质和物品均具有其它类别未涵盖的危险。当任何物质或物品被分配到这一类，为其制定或分配一个包装说明时，需考虑其独特的性质。

以下是对3，4，5.1，6，8或9类/项任何新的包装说明（PXXX）的模板。